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A phase III randomised trial on the addition of a contact X-ray brachytherapy boost to standard neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for organ preservation in early rectal adenocarcinoma: 5 year results of the OPERA trial.
Ann Oncol
November 2024
Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Background: The OPERA trial has shown that a contact X-ray brachytherapy 50 kV (CXB) boost with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) can increase organ preservation (OP) rate for early rectal adenocarcinoma (ADK) of low-mid rectum. We report the results after 5 years of follow-up.
Patients And Methods: OPERA was a multicentre, phase III trial that included operable patients (pts), with cT2-cT3b low-mid rectal ADK, tumours <5 cm, cN0 or cN1 <8 mm.
The Role of Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Middle and Lower Rectal Cancer (Stage II or III): A Literature Review.
Cureus
August 2024
First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC.
Lateral lymph node dissection and its inclusion in the treatment of rectal cancer is a controversial issue, with great differences, especially between Eastern and Western countries. Studies try to highlight the superiority of resection of these lymph nodes compared to simple mesorectal resection in terms of local recurrence of the disease, the overall survival of patients, and additional postoperative complications. In this study, the modern literature was reviewed, with the ultimate goal of clarifying the exact importance of lateral lymph node dissection, in terms of oncological outcome in patients with cancer of the middle and lower rectum, by studying the involvement of this lymph node dispersion in terms of local recurrence and overall survival of patients with rectal cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of long-course chemoradiotherapy on the myenteric plexus, neuromuscular functions and responses to prokinetic drugs in the human rectum.
United European Gastroenterol J
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the long-term effects of chemoradiotherapy on the human rectum, focusing on inflammation, myenteric neuron changes, neuromuscular function, and the efficacy of prokinetic drugs.
- Researchers analyzed rectal tissue from patients who received chemoradiotherapy and compared it to tissues from those who did not, using various scientific methods to assess inflammatory status, neuronal structure, and muscle response.
- Results showed no significant inflammation or changes in myenteric neuron numbers, but chemoradiotherapy appeared to increase nitrergic-mediated muscle relaxations during nerve stimulation, indicating altered neuromuscular activity.
Evaluation of the effect of prostate diameters on erectile dysfunction in patients who underwent low-anterior resection.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
March 2024
Department of Oncologic Surgery, Sakarya University, Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
Objective: Male erectile dysfunction is an important complication of rectal surgery. In this research, the effect of prostate dimensions on the development of postoperative erectile dysfunction in patients diagnosed with mid-rectum adenocarcinoma who underwent low anterior resection (LAR) is examined.
Patients And Methods: Thirty-one male patients diagnosed as mid-rectal adenocancer were included.
Revisiting the Trans-Sacral Approach for Large Rectal Adenomas, Surgical Technique, and Oncological Outcome: a Case Series.
Indian J Surg Oncol
March 2024
Department of Surgical Oncology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India.
The standard oncologic surgeries for rectal carcinoma are radical trans abdominal procedures, However, these radical procedures are not suitable for large rectal adenomas. The transsacral approach for rectal adenoma was first described by Kraske and since then it has been utilized for various benign conditions of low and mid-rectum as well as for certain cancers. We are presenting a series of 5 consecutive cases of trans-sacral resection done in the past 7 years between January, 2016, until June, 2023, at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, HIMS Dehradun, for large mid- and lower rectal adenoma.
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