For applications such as sequencing, transfection, and in vitro transcription, PCR products have to be subcloned into plasmids. Many strategies are used for cloning, blunt-end ligation or the incorporation of restriction endonuclease sites into PCR primers for appropriate vectors. However, the most convenient and direct method is T/A cloning. In this study, we developed two of the pGEM-7Zf(+) phagemid T-tail vectors using AhdI-restriction endonuclease sites, and these T vectors have all the features of pGEM-7Zf(+): f1 ori, T7, and SP6 RNA polymerase promoters, the alpha-peptide coding region of beta-galactosidase for X-gal blue/white color selection, the beta-lactamase gene for recombinant colony selection, and binding sites for pUC/M13 forward and reverse sequencing primers. These AhdI-containing phagemid vectors, pGEM-NJ105 and pGEM-NJ107, are useful for the easy and inexpensive preparation of T vectors and direct cloning of PCR products.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-619x(02)00122-1 | DOI Listing |
Chem Res Toxicol
January 2025
SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Biological polyamines, such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are abundant intracellular compounds mostly bound to nucleic acids. Due to their nucleophilic nature, polyamines easily react with apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, DNA lesions that are constantly formed in DNA by spontaneous base loss and as intermediates of base excision repair. A covalent intermediate is formed, promoting DNA strand cleavage at the AP site, and is later hydrolyzed regenerating the polyamine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSTAR Protoc
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Here, we present a protocol to alter the production of alternatively spliced mRNA variants, without affecting the overall gene expression, through CRISPR-Cas9-engineered genomic mutations in mice. We describe steps for designing guide RNA to direct Cas9 endonuclease to consensus splice sites, producing transgenic mice through pronuclear injection, and screening for desired mutations in cultured mammalian cells using a minigene splicing reporter. Splice isoform-specific mouse mutants provide valuable tools for genetic analyses beyond loss-of-function and transgenic alleles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
December 2024
Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, United States of America.
T cells have a remarkable capacity to clonally expand, a process that is intricately linked to their effector activities. As vigorously proliferating T cell also incur substantial DNA lesions, how the dividing T cells safeguard their genomic integrity to allow the generation of T effector cells remains largely unknown. Here we report the identification of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (Apex1) as an indispensable molecule for the induction of cytopathic T effectors in mouse models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
ZAP is an antiviral protein that binds to and depletes viral RNA, which is often distinguished from vertebrate host RNA by its elevated CpG content. Two ZAP cofactors, TRIM25 and KHNYN, have activities that are poorly understood. Here, we show that functional interactions between ZAP, TRIM25 and KHNYN involve multiple domains of each protein, and that the ability of TRIM25 to multimerize via its RING domain augments ZAP activity and specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 derived from prokaryotes is used as a genome editing, which targets specific genomic loci by single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). The eukaryotes, the target of genome editing, store their genome DNA in chromatin, in which the nucleosome is a basic unit. Despite previous structural analyses focusing on Cas9 cleaving free DNA, structural insights into Cas9 targeting of DNA within nucleosomes are limited, leading to uncertainties in understanding how Cas9 operates in the eukaryotic genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!