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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common clinical condition with significant health risks for patients and is widely recognised as a major public health concern. Laboratory medicine plays a crucial role in both diagnosing and managing CKD, as diagnosis and staging rely on estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and evaluating albuminuria (or proteinuria). It was evident that the laboratory assessment of CKD in Malaysia is not standardised.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDesigning a summative assessment blueprint in community medicine: an expert consensus approach at All India Institute of Medical Sciences.
BMC Med Educ
December 2024
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
Background: Despite the increasing integration of competency-based education in medicine, there remains a significant gap in effectively assessing educational outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for designed assessment blueprints that accurately reflect both curriculum content and competency standards in Community Medicine for undergraduate students. This study, conducted across the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) network, develops a summative assessment blueprint aimed at standardizing evaluations in medical education across diverse geographic locations in India.
Methods: Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper.
Performance of A-DROP, NEWS2, and REMS in predicting in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation in pneumonia patients in the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study.
Int J Emerg Med
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
Background: Pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening respiratory tract infection. Many Early Warning Scores (EWS) were developed to detect patients with high risk for adverse clinical outcomes, but few have explored the utility of these EWS for pneumonia patients in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. We aimed to compare the prognostic utility of A-DROP, NEWS2, and REMS in predicting in-hospital mortality and the requirement for mechanical ventilation among ED patients with pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholangiocarcinoma Targeted Therapies: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance.
Am J Pathol
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive bile duct malignancy with heterogeneous genomic features. Although most patients receive standard-of-care chemotherapy/immunotherapy, genomic changes that can be targeted with established or emerging therapeutics are common. Accordingly, precision medicine strategies are transforming the next-line treatment for patient subsets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to the Major Secondary Causes of Arterial Hypertension in Young Adults: A Narrative Review.
Cardiol Rev
October 2024
Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Arterial hypertension in young adults, which includes patients between 19 and 40 years of age, has been increasing in recent years and is associated with a significantly higher risk of target organ damage and short-term mortality. It has been reported that up to 10% of these cases are due to a potentially reversible secondary cause, mainly of endocrine (primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma), renal (renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia and renal parenchymal disease), or cardiac (coarctation of the aorta) origin. It is recommended to rule out a secondary cause of high blood pressure (BP) in those patients with early onset of grade 2 or 3 hypertension, acute worsening of previously controlled hypertension, resistant hypertension, hypertensive emergency, severe target organ damage disproportionate to the grade of hypertension, or in the face of clinical or biochemical characteristics suggestive of a secondary cause of hypertension.
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