IORT (intraoperative radiotherapy) in neuroblastoma: experience and first results.

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) permits the application of a single large radiation dose to a malignant mass at the time of surgery sparing adjacent normal tissue from irradiation. Since 1996 we have used IORT to treat 13 children with neuroblastoma, stage 3 - 4. In all cases the tumour was not radically resectable at the first operation. Ultrasound, CT and MRI were performed and patients were treated with chemotherapy according to the NB90 protocol. The second-look operation was performed in the IORT operating room where the tumour was resected as completely as possible, while keeping the "no risk" principle in mind. Localised radiation of the residual tumour was 8 - 10 Gy. The child was monitored via 3 video cameras. No technical problems occurred during IORT application. The follow-up time was 6 - 69 months (May 2001). One patient died due to tumour progression, another in complete remission died after 9 months due to sepsis. The clinical course of 2 patients was complicated by a renal artery stenosis and a mesenteric artery occlusion. All other patients are in complete remission with regular follow-up examinations. Although the results are promising the number of patients is too small as yet for statistical analysis. However, IORT can be safely applied in patients with high-risk neuroblastomas, reducing the dose, side effects and resulting in remission.