Sister chromatid cohesion is a key aspect of accurate chromosome transmission during mitosis, yet little is known about the structure of cohesin, the protein complex that links the two sister chromatids. Recent studies shed light on the structure of the cohesin complex, leading to intriguing models that could explain how sister chromatids are held together.
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Genome folding by cohesion.
Curr Opin Genet Dev
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:
Chromosomes in eukaryotic cells undergo compaction at multiple levels and are folded into hierarchical structures to fit into the nucleus with limited dimensions. Three-dimensional genome organization needs to be coordinated with chromosome-templated processes, including DNA replication and gene transcription. As an ATPase molecular machine, the cohesin complex is a major driver of genome folding, which regulates transcription by modulating promoter-enhancer contacts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and can switch directions.
Cell
January 2025
Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes organize the genome via DNA loop extrusion. Although some SMCs were reported to do so symmetrically, reeling DNA from both sides into the extruded DNA loop simultaneously, others perform loop extrusion asymmetrically toward one direction only. The mechanism underlying this variability remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTRIM28 is an essential regulator of three-dimensional chromatin state underpinning CD8 T cell activation.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine- Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200127, China.
T cell activation is accompanied by extensive changes in epigenome. However, the high-ordered chromatin organization underpinning CD8 T cell activation is not fully known. Here, we show extensive changes in the three-dimensional genome during CD8 T cell activation, associated with changes in gene transcription.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCohesin Complex Interacting with Promoters of MMP Genes for in Pterygium Occurrence.
Curr Eye Res
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Center Hospital, Zibo, China.
Purpose: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease characterized by a high recurrence rate and unknown etiology.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase genes, including MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13, MMP23B, and MMP28, in pterygium tissue using RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.
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Quantitative imaging of loop extruders rebuilding interphase genome architecture after mitosis.
J Cell Biol
March 2025
Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Heidelberg, Germany.
How cells establish the interphase genome organization after mitosis is incompletely understood. Using quantitative and super-resolution microscopy, we show that the transition from a Condensin to a Cohesin-based genome organization occurs dynamically over 2 h. While a significant fraction of Condensins remains chromatin-bound until early G1, Cohesin-STAG1 and its boundary factor CTCF are rapidly imported into daughter nuclei in telophase, immediately bind chromosomes as individual complexes, and are sufficient to build the first interphase TAD structures.
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