Novel mutations in 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B receptor genes not associated with clozapine response.

Clozapine is a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate rapid excitatory responses in the central nervous system. Two different isoforms of 5-HT3 receptor subunit genes (HTR3A and HTR3B) have been identified. They have been assigned to chromosome 11q23.1-q23.2, a region which in the past has been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this study, we performed a systematic mutation screening of the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B receptor genes and tested the variants for association with clozapine response in a sample of 266 clozapine-treated patients. Two polymorphisms at the 5-HT3A gene and five new variants in the 5-HT3B gene were finally detected. Of these, only the more frequent mutations (178-C/T and 1596-A/G in 5-HT3A and a CA-repeat in 5-HT3B) were genotyped in our clozapine sample. Association analysis showed similar allele and genotype distributions among clozapine responders and nonresponders. These results make unlikely the possibility that 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B receptor genes underlie variation in clinical response to clozapine. However, the promoter regions of both genes have yet to be investigated.