Objectives: To estimate the sizes of the external genital organs in physically normal adult males younger than 40 years old, as well as to correlate the resulting values with age and a number of somatometric parameters, to provide data that could be clinically applicable by the practicing urologist.
Methods: Fifty-two physically normal men, 19 to 38 years old, underwent tape measurements of penile dimensions in the flaccid-stretched state (total, shaft, glanular lengths), penile shaft volume calculation, and ultrasonographic testicular volume estimation. The resultant values were correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and index finger length.
Results: The mean testicular volume was 16.9 +/- 4.7 cm(3), with the right testis (17.5 +/- 5.8 cm(3)) measuring slightly larger than the left (15.85 +/- 4.9 cm(3); P = not significant). The mean total penile length was 12.18 +/- 1.7 cm, the mean penile shaft length was 7.76 +/- 1.3 cm, the mean glanular length was 4.4 +/- 0.4 cm, and the mean penile shaft volume was 46.5 +/- 17.2 cm(3). Among the various correlations performed, the penile lengths (total, shaft, glanular) to index finger length (P <0.05) and to penile shaft volume (P <0.001) were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Data on the size of the external genital organs among physically normal young adult men were provided and a novel formula for penile shaft volume calculation was proposed. Age and somatometric parameters were not associated with the size of the genitalia, excluding the index finger length, which correlated significantly with the dimensions of the flaccid, maximally stretched, penis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01869-1 | DOI Listing |
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Bree-ding, Hangzhou 311400, China.
To rapidly acquire fiber phenotypic data for wood quality assessment, we used a portable NIR spectro-meter to collect spectral data in 100 individuals of at 18-year-old of 20 different provenances, and simultaneously collected wood cores. Wood basic density and the anatomical structure of wood fiber were measured. The standard normal variate (SNV), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) methods were used for spectral preprocessing, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method were used for wavelength selection, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model were established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
Fruit quality and yield in orchards will decrease after long-term planting. To analyze the changes of soil quality under different planting years and identify the key factors of the declining of orchard soil quality could provide scientific foundation for optimizing fertilization management of orchard soil. In this study, we analyzed the changes of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of loquat orchard under different planting years (<10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, ≥20 years) in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, and evaluated soil health by using soil quality index, multifunctionality index, and sensitivity and resistance indicators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Diabetes
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Context: Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices can be useful tools in understanding insulin homeostasis in children at risk for diabetes. There have been few studies examining the reproducibility of these measures in pediatrics.
Objective: To determine whether fasting or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived insulin measures would be more reproducible and whether there would be differences based on weight, sex, race, and pubertal status.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Introduction: Acromegaly is associated with increased vertebral fracture (VF) risk regardless of bone mineral density (BMD). However, the vertebral trabecular compartment is still low; a possible contributor to this may be impaired glucose metabolism (GM) which frequently complicates acromegaly. Additionally, soft tissue thickness may confound bone imaging in acromegaly patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Backgrounds: Many pregnant women suffer from more than one pregnancy complication. However, whether those women experienced a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes is unclear. This study aims to assess the association between the comorbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and adverse birth outcomes.
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