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Sympathetic nerve signaling rewires the tumor microenvironment: a shift in "microenvironmental-ity".

Cancer Metastasis Rev

January 2025

Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Nerve signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Due to their highly responsive behavior and activation upon injury and cancer onset, this review specifically focuses on how sympathetic nerves rewire the TME. Within tumors, sympathetic nerves closely interact with various TME components, and their combined signaling often shifts tumor-intrinsic physiology toward tumor-supportive phenotypes.

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A literature review was conducted of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) in the treatment of chronic epipharyngitis, focusing on the mechanism of action by autonomic nerve stimulation. The mechanism of action of EAT in stimulating the immune system has recently become clear. However, the mechanism of action of EAT on the autonomic nervous system remains to be elucidated.

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Renewed scientific interest in sympathetic modulation of muscle and neuromuscular junctions has spurred a flurry of new discoveries with major implications for motor diseases. However, the role sympathetic axons play in the persistent dysfunction that occurs after nerve injuries remains to be explored. Peripheral nerve injuries are common and lead to motor, sensory, and autonomic deficits that result in lifelong disabilities.

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Hyperbaric oxygen has been used to treat many diseases. However, there are few reports on hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity at home and abroad, and the clinical experience is very limited. To understand the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after brain injury, this retrospective study was conducted in the adult intensive care units of five medical centers in central China.

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Insulinoma is a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that primarily leads to episodes of hypoglycaemia due to inappropriate and excessive secretion of insulin. It classically presents with neuroglycopenic and autonomic sympathetic symptoms, which resolve promptly with glucose administration. Elevated level of insulin and Cpeptide in the presence of low plasma glucose level and absence of plasma sulfonylurea are diagnostic features.

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