Acute myelogenous leukemia following treatment with cyclosporin A in a nephrotic patient.

We report here a very rare case of a nephrotic patient who developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, M2) 8 months after receiving cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy. A 30-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome had been taking diphenylhydantoin (DPH, 300 mg/day) for 6 years for treatment of convulsion and then received treatment of prednisolone and CsA (75 mg/day) for a nephrotic syndrome. Approximately 4 months after CsA therapy began, myeloblasts appeared in his peripheral blood at a ratio of 1%. Four months later, bone marrow aspiration and a biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AML M2, showing hypercellular bone marrow with 60% leukemic cells. He received induction chemotherapy, which led to a complete remission.