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Onychotrichodysplasia, chronic neutropenia and mental retardation syndrome (ONMRS) is a rare autosomal recessive mutation, mostly reported in patients of Mexican ancestry. We describe a second patient with onychotrichodysplasia and chronic neutropenia without mental retardation (ONS). It is unclear if ONS found in the two European patients with normal mental development is due to genetic heterogeneity or variable expressivity of the same syndrome.

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A 9-year-old boy with onychotrichodysplasia and chronic neutropenia is presented. In contrast to cases described earlier, our patient has normal intelligence. The typical features of trichorrhexis nodosa are shown by electronmicroscopic photography.

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This report describes and discusses the occurrence in two sisters of a syndrome consisting of onychotrichodysplasia, chronic neutropenia and mild mental retardation. Family studies revealed parental consanguinity and another possibly affected sister, who died in childhood. Analysis of these cases together with one previously reported case permits the delineation of a distinct syndrome probably caused by an autosomal recessive mutation.

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