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Human motivation is organized hierarchically, from proximal (means) to ultimate (ends).
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris,
Murayama and Jach raise a key problem in behavioral sciences, to which we suggest evolutionary science can provide a solution. We emphasize the role of adaptive mechanisms in shaping behavior and argue for the integration of hierarchical theories of goal-directed cognition and behavioral flexibility, in order to unravel the motivations behind actions that, in themselves, seem disconnected from adaptive goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRemote Ischemic Conditioning Attenuates Transneuronal Degeneration and Promotes Stroke Recovery via CD36-Mediated Efferocytosis.
Circ Res
January 2025
Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY (H.J., I.P., K.W.P., J.M., A.M., S.C.).
Background: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been implicated in cross-organ protection in cerebrovascular disease, including stroke. However, the lack of a consensus protocol and controversy over the clinical therapeutic outcomes of RIC suggest an inadequate mechanistic understanding of RIC. The current study identifies RIC-induced molecular and cellular events in the blood, which enhance long-term functional recovery in experimental cerebral ischemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Previous studies have suggested that changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a significant role in the development of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) and the histological differences between the ventral and dorsal layers of the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. Although LFH is associated with increased fibrosis in the dorsal layer, comprehensive research exploring the characteristics of the ECM and its mechanical properties in both regions is limited. Furthermore, the distribution of fibrosis-associated myofibroblasts within LFH remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimultaneous Live Mapping of pH and Hydrogen Peroxide Fluctuations in Autophagic Vesicles.
JACS Au
January 2025
Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) plays a critical role in the regulation and progress of autophagy, an essential recycling process that influences cellular homeostasis and stress response. Autophagy is characterized by the formation of intracellular vesicles analogous to recycle "bags" called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, eventually ending up as lysosomes. We have developed two novel autophagic vesicle-targeted peptide-based sensors, for HO and for pH, to simultaneously track HO and pH dynamics within autophagic vesicles as autophagy advances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of conscious attention in auditory statistical learning: Evidence from patients with impaired consciousness.
iScience
January 2025
Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit U992, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France.
The need for attention to enable statistical learning is debated. Testing individuals with impaired consciousness offers valuable insight, but very few studies have been conducted due to the difficulties inherent in such studies. Here, we examined the ability of patients with varying levels of disorders of consciousness (DOC) to extract statistical regularities from an artificial language composed of randomly concatenated pseudowords by measuring frequency tagging in EEG.
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