Two experiments indicate that prospective judgments of a temporal target are influenced by nontarget temporal features. The basic task was to reproduce a target interval marked by visual events. In addition, visual or auditory interfering events were delivered. Experiment 1 showed that temporal reproduction is shorter when the interfering events occupy a late rather than early position during the target interval, a result explained in terms of expectancy, which causes attention shifts. This study also revealed that similar trends are obtained whether the interfering event involves a specific task or is irrelevant. Experiment 2 confirmed the position effect, and showed that the duration of an irrelevant cue can influence judgment of the target interval, as if it were also timed without appropriate control.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-6918(02)00052-5 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Background: Achieving a balance between stable drug loading/delivery and on-demand drug activation/release at the target sites remains a significant challenge for nanomedicines. Carrier-free prodrug nanoassemblies, which rely on the design of prodrug molecules, offer a promising strategy to optimize both drug delivery efficiency and controlled drug release profiles.
Methods: A library of doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs was created by linking DOX to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths via a tumor-responsive disulfide bond.
Plants (Basel)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Late blight is a destructive disease affecting tomato production. The identification and characterization of resistance (R) genes are critical for the breeding of late blight-resistant cultivars. The incompletely dominant gene confers resistance against the race T of in tomatoes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia.
Inappropriate complementary feeding during the first two years of life significantly impacts children's health, increasing risks of malnutrition and illness. : This study investigates factors influencing early feeding patterns among 600 mothers of children aged 9-23 months in selected hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed, with associations measured by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
December 2024
Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is critical in the field of forensic science, and necrophagous insects play a significant role in this process. (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a common necrophagous insect species, making its rapid and accurate identification essential. However, commonly used molecular biology methods, such as DNA barcode, still have some limitations in identifying necrophagous insects as they are often complex, time-consuming, and reliant on laboratory instruments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique with similar accuracy to CT and MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS offers several advantages in patient populations who have contraindications for CT or MRI. There are limited prospective studies in the United States evaluating the diagnostic equivalence of CEUS following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with same-day CT/MRI.
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