Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix: a prospective study of conization as definitive treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination laser conization alone as definitive treatment of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and to evaluate the safety of a conservative expectant strategy irrespective of cone margin status.

Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma in situ were treated with combination laser conization from 1990 to April 2001. In 58 cases this was considered final therapy, and patients were followed for a mean period of 49 months.

Results: The mean age was 34.9 years. Preconization evaluation demonstrated AIS in 76.7%. In 58 cases conization was considered final therapy, and in these cone margins were involved in 15 cases. Twenty-seven patients (46.6%) were followed for more than 60 months. Totally, 4 recurrences (6.9%) were observed. One recurrence was observed in patients with involved margins (6.7%) 4 months after conization, and 3 recurrences in patients with uninvolved margins (6.9%) were registered, in 2 cases more than 5 years after conization. No case of invasive disease was diagnosed during follow-up. The mean cone height was 19 mm; 16.7% of the cone biopsies were more than 25 mm.

Conclusions: Combination laser conization was an effective treatment of AIS, and an expectant follow-up schedule based on cytology was demonstrated to be safe irrespective of cone margin status after a significant follow-up period. A potential risk of overtreatment and unnecessary worrying of the patients exists if further treatment is based solely on the status of the cone margins. Only prospective studies of similar strategies will give sufficient evidence for valid recommendations concerning the management of AIS.