Bernardino Ramazzini was a renowned physician and a prolific writer, born in Capri in 1633. He is considered the father of occupational medicine for having written the first paper on workers' diseases (De morbis artificum diatriba). His Treaty on Workers' diseases included 53 different professions, one particular and specific method of analysis, and a methodological proposal to prevent these diseases. This essay supports the approach taken by the father of occupational medicine and confirms that the principles established in his work are applicable to this day. A fair tribute is paid to the man and his writings in the third century after their publication. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
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Noise-induced hearing loss in the pre-industrial era: early contributions in by Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714).
J Laryngol Otol
January 2024
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Objective: Noise-induced hearing loss is the most prevalent occupational disease worldwide and is historically associated with the Industrial Revolution. This study analyses early descriptions of this disorder during the pre-industrial period in the work of the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714).
Method: Primary and secondary historical literature were reviewed.
MORBI ARTIFICUM – A POST-RAMAZZINIAN ACADEMIC DISSERTATION ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES BY A PUPIL OF CARL VON LINNÉ.
Acta Med Hist Adriat
December 2021
Department of Ancient and Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
This study presents the first full translation from Latin to English of the Linnaean dissertation Morbi Artificum or Occupational diseases, submitted by Nicholas Skragge in 1765. It consists of an essay that places the dissertation in historical and scientific context and of the translation. Skragge's thesis has not only significance in the history of occupational medicine but also provides a perspective on Linnaeus' thinking on dietetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBernardino Ramazzini's De Morbis Artificum Diatriba on Workers' Health-the Birth of a New Discipline.
J UOEH
September 2021
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Maternal-Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences.
This paper provides a picture of the observations made over three hundred years ago by Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) in light of current topical issues ranging from health problems related to work and lifestyle habits to the current burdensome COVID-19 pandemic. The main aspects of his work consist of descriptions of disorders linked to environmental risks, suggestions for measures for risk protection, and recommendations for healthy living. This paper focuses on Ramazzini's most relevant achievements by (1) analyzing the episodes that stimulated the composition of his main work and highlighting some observations on which current epidemiological and toxicological studies are based; (2) reviewing his work showing not only the systematic descriptions of work-related illnesses caused by occupational factors but also his sound etiological and physiopathological contributions to the field of occupational lung diseases, breast cancer, and environmental disorders; and (3) remarking on his main observations in the fields of risk prevention and health promotion, also in the light of some highly topical issues related to unhealthy lifestyle habits and the COVID-19 pandemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Relationship between Blood Circulation and Exercise Headache before and after the Publication of De Motu Cordis (1628): Comparison between the Scientific Thought of Girolamo Mercuriale (1530-1606) and Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714).
Eur Neurol
June 2020
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,
The relationship between physical activity, sports and headache is a topic of growing interest as testified by a variety of recently published papers. This correlation dates back to the Classical Age. The aim of this study is to understand how the concept of headache of vascular origin has evolved after the publication of the book De motu cordis by William Harvey (1578-1657).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA timeline of hydrogen sulfide (HS) research: From environmental toxin to biological mediator.
Biochem Pharmacol
March 2018
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. Electronic address:
The history of HS - as an environmental toxin - dates back to 1700, to the observations of the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini, whose book "De Morbis Artificum Diatriba" described the painful eye irritation and inflammation of "sewer gas" in sewer workers. The gas has subsequently been identified as hydrogen sulfide (HS), and opened three centuries of research into the biological roles of HS. The current article highlights the key discoveries in the field of HS research, including (a) the toxicological studies, which characterized HS as an environmental toxin, and identified some of its modes of action, including the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration; (b) work in the field of bacteriology, which, starting in the early 1900s, identified HS as a bacterial product - with subsequently defined roles in the regulation of periodontal disease (oral bacterial flora), intestinal epithelial cell function (enteral bacterial flora) as well as in the regulation of bacterial resistance to antibiotics; and (c), work in diverse fields of mammalian biology, which, starting in the 1940s, identified HS as an endogenous mammalian enzymatic product, the functions of which - among others, in the cardiovascular and nervous system - have become subjects of intensive investigation for the last decade.
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