AI Article Synopsis
- Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial proteins in many organisms, specifically aiding in embryo development and immune responses, particularly in insects like Drosophila melanogaster.
- This study identifies and analyzes four TLR genes (AgToll, AgToll6, AgTrex, AgToll9) in the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which are similar to those found in Drosophila.
- The research highlights that AgToll is mostly active in the ovary, suggestive of its role in embryonic patterning, while AgToll9 is notably expressed in the adult mosquito gut, indicating possible functions in both development and immune responses.
Article Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of evolutionary conserved proteins with diverse biological functions. In Drosophila melanogaster, Toll protein plays an important role in pattern formation in embryogenesis and in antimicrobial immunity in larvae and adults. In insects, Toll and two other related proteins, Tehao and 18-wheeler have been shown to participate in the activation of the innate immune responses to fungal and bacterial pathogens. In this paper we report the cloning and characterization of four TLR gene from malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae, AgToll, AgToll6, AgTrex, and AgToll9, orthologues of DmToll, DmToll6, DmTollo (Toll8) and DmToll9 (CG5528) in Drosophila melanogaster. The expression profiles of these genes during development, in different adult tissues and after immune challenge were examined. As expected for the orthologue of Drosophila Toll, AgToll was found to be expressed highly in the ovary and may play a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis. AgToll9, surprisingly, was found to be highly expressed in the adult gut. The potential roles of these genes in development and immunity were discussed.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00053-x | DOI Listing |
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