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Alkaloids and Nitrosamines in Betel Quid: A Biochemical Exploration of Carcinogenicity.
Chem Biol Interact
January 2025
Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Betel quid contains two major ingredients; Areca catechu and Piper betel, often consumed with slaked lime, tobacco, certain flavouring agents, colouring agents, herbs, and spices according to personal preferences. The areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), and tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nor-nicotine) undergo nitrosation during chewing in the oral cavity with the presence of nitrite and thiocyanate and endogenously. Among the nitrosation products generated areca nut-derived nitrosamine (ADNA): 3-(methylnitrosamino) Propionitrile (MNPN) and the two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs); N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK) are considered Group 1 human carcinogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of CAP genes in finger lime (Citrus australasica) and their role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzes cysteine-rich secretory proteins and PR1-like genes in finger lime, focusing on their response to Huanglongbing disease.
- CaCAP2 gene showed a dramatic increase in expression during infection compared to sweet orange, indicating its importance in the plant's defense.
- The research also highlights the CAP2 gene's role in stress management and reveals genetic differences between finger lime and sweet orange that may affect their responses to environmental stresses.
Synergistic co-evolution of rhizosphere bacteria in response to acidification amelioration strategies: impacts on the alleviation of tobacco wilt and underlying mechanisms.
Front Microbiol
October 2024
Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Soil acidification represents a severe threat to tobacco cultivation regions in South China, exacerbating bacterial wilt caused by . The comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that facilitate the restoration of rhizosphere microbial communities in "healthy soils" is imperative for ecologically managing tobacco bacterial wilt. This study focuses on acidified tobacco soils that have been subjected to continuous cultivation for 20 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmoked, smokeless, and poly-tobacco use during pregnancy in relation to infant mortality in Cambodia: Findings from a nationwide sample.
Tob Induc Dis
September 2024
Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, United States.
Introduction: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes. In contrast, maternal smokeless tobacco use (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQualitative evaluation of trace elements in commercially packaged forms of tobacco using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Sci Rep
September 2024
Department of Atomic Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
Article Synopsis
- Oral cancer is prevalent in developing countries like India, largely due to smokeless tobacco use, which contains harmful trace elements.
- Researchers used laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyze the elemental composition of two types of Paan masala and four packaged tobacco varieties, revealing common elements like calcium, iron, aluminum, nickel, and chromium.
- The study found that harmful inorganic elements, particularly carcinogenic nickel, are present in both commercially packaged tobacco and Paan masala, highlighting the health risks associated with these products.
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