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Activation of the dinitrogen triple bond is a crucial step in the overall fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for industrial and biological applications. Current synthetic catalysts incorporate metal ions to facilitate the activation and cleavage of dinitrogen. The high price of metal-based catalysts and the challenge of catalyst recovery during industrial catalytic processes has led to increasing interest in metal-free catalysts.

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Ammonia production at the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase: results from density functional theory.

J Am Chem Soc

March 2007

Contribution from the Institute for Theoretical Physics, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.

Biological nitrogen fixation has been investigated beginning with the monoprotonated dinitrogen bound to the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase up to the formation of the two ammonia molecules. The energy differences of the relevant intermediates, the reaction barriers, and potentially relevant side branches are presented. During the catalytic conversion, nitrogen bridges two Fe atoms of the central cage, replacing a sulfur bridge present before dinitrogen binds to the cofactor.

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