Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to acetylcholine in carotid artery of guinea pig: role of lipoxygenase.

This study was designed to determine whether lipoxygenase-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid are involved in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of the guinea pig carotid artery. The membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells was measured with intracellular microelectrodes and potassium channels were studied on freshly isolated cells with the patch-clamp technique. Acetylcholine-induced hyperpolarizations were not affected by arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), quinacrine (phospholipase A inhibitors), or eicosatetraenoic acid (nonspecific inhibitor of lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450, and cyclooxygenase). In contrast, cinnamyl-3,4 dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC) and AA861 (lipoxygenase inhibitors) as well as 1-(6-(17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino) hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122) (phospholipase C inhibitor) produced a significant inhibition of the hyperpolarization. An opener of intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, 1-ethyl-2-benzamidazolinone (1-EBIO), induced a hyperpolarization that was unaffected by AACOCF3, CDC, AA861, or U-73122 but was inhibited by charybdotoxin. (+/-)12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 12(S)-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HpETE) did not induce any significant changes in membrane potential. CDC inhibited the voltage-gated potassium current and increased the large conductance calcium-activated potassium current whereas AA861 inhibited both potassium currents. These results confirm that, in the isolated carotid artery of the guinea pig, stimulation of endothelial muscarinic receptors involves phospholipase C activation and indicate that the activation of phospholipase A2 and the release of lipoxygenase metabolites is unlikely to explain endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization.