Use of cellular systems capable of undergoing in vitro differentiation can give useful information on the basic mechanisms of cellular radiation sensitivity. During differentiation the cellular organisation, including the nuclear structure and the intracellular concentration of several compounds and enzymes change drastically. Accordingly, radiation response to ionising radiation is also expected to change. The human proerythroblastoid cell line K562 can be induced to pseudoerythroid differentiation. This process has been characterised and studies have been carried out on DNA single strand break and double strand break induction and repair before and after differentiation commitment. Rejoining studies have been performed for both types of damage and correct double strand break rejoining has been also measured in particular genomic locations. An overview is presented of these results together with preliminary data recently obtained on radiation induced DNA fragmentation as a function of radiation quality.
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