Circadian pattern of blood pressure, heart rate, and double product in liver glycogen storage disease.

The objective of this study was to determine systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MAP), heart rate (HR), double-product (DP: SBP x HR), and activity levels and their 24h pattern in liver glycogen storage disease (LGSD) patients. A case series of 12 (11 pediatric and one adult) diurnally active LGSD (seven type I, three type III, and two type IX) subjects were simultaneously assessed by 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and wrist actigraphy. Nine subjects were judged to be hypertensive based on the criterion of an elevated 24h mean SBP and/or DBP being elevated beyond reference standards or the SBP and/or DBP load (percentage of time BP exceeds normal values) being greater than 25%. Two of the three other subjects, not viewed as hypertensive based on their 24h average SBP or DBP, exhibited daytime or nighttime SBP and/or DBP load hypertension. Each study variables displayed statistically significant (p < 0.001) group circadian rhythmicity. The SBP, DBP, and MAP displayed comparable 24h patterns of appreciable amplitude (total peak-trough variation equal to 17.7, 23.6, and 19.6%, respectively, of the 24h mean) with highest values (orthophase) occurring approximately 11 h after the commencement of daytime activity. The sleep-time trough (bathyphase) occurred approximately 4.5 h before morning awakening. The statistically significant (p < 0.006) circadian rhythms of HR (amplitude equal to 33.2% of the 24h mean) and DP (amplitude equal to 49.4% of the 24h mean) peaked earlier, approximately 7.4 h into the daytime activity span. The sleep-time trough occurred approximately 3 h before morning awakening. The 24h pattern in the cardiovascular variables was correlated with the 24h pattern of activity, with r ranging from 0.50 for DBP to 0.39 for HR.