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MHC-II presentation by oral Langerhans cells impacts intraepithelial Tc17 abundance and oral infection via CD4 T cells.
Front Oral Health
May 2024
Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
In a murine model (LC) designed to abolish MHC-II expression in Langerhans cells (LCs), ∼18% of oral LCs retain MHC-II, yet oral mucosal CD4 T cells numbers are unaffected. In LC mice, we now show that oral intraepithelial conventional CD8αβ T cell numbers expand 30-fold. Antibody-mediated ablation of CD4 T cells in wild-type mice also resulted in CD8αβ T cell expansion in the oral mucosa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly presents with respiratory illness, neurologic symptoms and sequelae are increasingly recognised in the long-term treatment of COVID-19 patients. The pathophysiology and the neuropathogenesis behind neurologic complications of COVID-19 remain poorly understood, but mounting evidence points to endothelial dysfunction either directly caused by viral infection or indirectly by inflammatory cytokines, followed by a local immune response that may include virus-specific T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlocking Superantigen-Mediated Diseases: Challenges and Future Trends.
J Immunol Res
January 2024
CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
Superantigens are virulence factors secreted by microorganisms that can cause various immune diseases, such as overactivating the immune system, resulting in cytokine storms, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have demonstrated that superantigens do not require intracellular processing and instated bind as intact proteins to the antigen-binding groove of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells, resulting in the activation of T cells with different T-cell receptor V and subsequent overstimulation. To combat superantigen-mediated diseases, researchers have employed different approaches, such as antibodies and simulated peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Usefulness of T-Cell Receptor Vβ Repertoire Analysis for Differentiating Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Japanese Children From Toxic Shock Syndrome and Kawasaki Disease.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
April 2024
From the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
The specific expansion of T-cell receptor β chain variable region (TCR-Vβ21.3 + ) CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was observed in Japanese patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. In contrast, these findings were not observed in patients with toxic shock syndrome and Kawasaki disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the Precipice of a "Rituximab-Like" Era for T-Cell Lymphomas?
Clin Cancer Res
October 2023
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
To date, mAbs have had limited success in improving outcomes for patients with T-cell lymphomas. Preclinical data suggest that anti-T-cell receptor Vβ-segment mAbs are a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with T-cell lymphomas that avoid several limitations of current therapies. See related article by Lucero et al.
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