IL-1beta gene polymorphisms influence hepatitis B vaccination.

Considerable variability exists in the vaccine response to hepatitis B with 5-10% of healthy young adults demonstrating no or inadequate responses following a standard vaccination schedule. As the interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) cytokine has been shown to be important in the development of immune responses, we determined whether vaccine efficacy is influenced by genetic polymorphisms associated with IL-1beta expression. Ninety-two healthy individuals who were negative for antibodies to hepatitis B antigen (anti-HBs) were vaccinated against hepatitis B according to a standardized schedule. At selected times, antibody titers and lymphoproliferative capacity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were determined. DNA genotyping for IL-1beta polymorphisms using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique demonstrated that both the anti-HBs titer and the T-cell lymphoproliferative response to HBsAg are significantly increased in individuals possessing the IL-1beta (+3953) minor allelic variant.