The last decades have been witnessing rapid development of the implantation surgery. The use of artificial materials to replace damaged tissues has become more and more popular. One of the complications of these procedures is graft infection. The presence of foreign body can impair local host defence on the tissue level and reduce the number of contaminating microorganisms necessary for infection to 104-105. The most common pathogens responsible for graft infections are S. epidermidis, S. aureus and other Gram + and Gram - bacteria. The sources of infection are numerous and include patients, operative, and personnel factors. Graft-related infections are hazardous to the patients and can have even fatal consequences. Due to the limited effectiveness of applied methods to treat graft infections, more attention should be paid to prophylactic measures. These should cover all range of problems related to hospital work organisation, adequate sanitary and epidemiological conditions in the hospital wards and operating theatres as well as the use of local and systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
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