All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to induce differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells and eventual elimination of the malignant clone. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is produced by neutrophils and its expression appears to be linked with myeloid cell differentiation. We investigated effects of ATRA on MMP expression in two human myeloid leukaemia cell lines, PL-21 and NB4. Both cells could differentiate into neutrophils after exposure to ATRA. Both the activity and antigen levels of MMP-9 were much higher in NB4 cells than in PL-21 cells. Stimulation with ATRA significantly increased MMP-9 levels approximately three- to fivefold in both PL-21 and NB4-conditioned media. MMP-9 mRNA levels increased in ATRA-treated cells and was almost in parallel with the increase in MMP-9 activity, suggesting that ATRA induced MMP-9 by activating its gene expression. ATRA can induce interleukin 8 (IL-8) in APL cells. IL-8, chemokine for neutrophils and a potent inducer of MMP-9, was also induced by ATRA in PL-21 cells. However, recombinant IL-8 did not induce MMP-9 expression. In addition, a neutralizing antibody against IL-8 did not inhibit ATRA-induced MMP-9 expression in either cell type. These observations suggest that ATRA can induce both MMP-9 and IL-8, but IL-8 is not involved in ATRA-induced MMP-9 expression. As MMP-9 can truncate and activate IL-8, simultaneous induction of MMP-9 and IL-8 by ATRA could activate leucocytes excessively, causing the hyper-inflammatory events in retinoic acid syndrome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03723.x | DOI Listing |
Int Endod J
January 2025
Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
Aims: Apical Periodontitis (AP) involves complex interactions between the root canal microbiome and the host immune response, with potential risk of local and systemic inflammatory burden, however there is no evidence available regarding correlation between microbiome and inflammatory marker levels. This study aims to identify the microbiome of saliva, intracanal and blood samples in AP subjects and investigate the correlation between intracanal and blood microbiomes with serum inflammatory biomarker levels, and salivary microbiomes with salivary inflammatory biomarker levels.
Methodology: Saliva, Intracanal and blood samples were collected from AP patients undergoing root canal retreatment.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Anti-amyloid antibodies have been associated with amyloid-related-imaging-abnormalities (ARIA) in AD patients, causing vasogenic edema and microhemorrhages, especially in ApoE4 carriers. Here, we compared recombinant 3D6-L, a murine version of bapineuzumab, and an isotype control IgG2a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to investigate potential mechanisms, including complement activation, involved in these side effects (ARIA-H or microhemorrhages) following passive immunization.
Method: Plaque-rich 16.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Artocarpus lakoocha agglutinin (ALA), which specifically targets the Gal/GalNAc components of complex glycans, was isolated from the seeds of Artocarpus lakoocha. This study is the first to explore the role of ALA in identifying aberrant glycans, designated ALA-binding glycans (ALAG), and its implications in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). ALA-histochemistry was used to evaluate ALAG expression in liver fluke-induced CCA tissues from hamsters (n = 60).
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January 2025
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland.
Equine endometrosis is a major cause of infertility in mares and is characterized by degenerative, functional and fibrotic changes in the endometrium with increased collagen (COL) deposition. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is one of the major pro-fibrotic factors involved in the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the equine endometrium. It has been demonstrated that ovarian steroids, specifically 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), not only regulate the cyclicity of the estrous cycle, but also have been implicated as anti- or pro-fibrotic factors.
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January 2025
Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as essential regulators in various human malignancies. Hundreds of lncRNAs were known to be abnormally expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through a lncRNA expression microarray, among which lncRNA OSTM1 antisense RNA 1(OSTM1-AS1) was revealed as one of the most abundant lncRNAs. However, the function of OSTM1-AS1 in RCC remains unknown.
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