A new index called RF number has been proposed for assessing the combustion hazard of all sorts of flammable gases and their mixtures. RF number represents the total expectancy of combustion hazard in terms of flammability limits and heat of combustion for each known and unknown compounds. The advantage of RF number over others such as R-index and F-number for classification of combustion hazard has been highlighted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00117-6 | DOI Listing |
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Department of Basic Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.
Urbanization and industrialization have drastically increased ambient air pollution in urban areas globally from vehicle emissions, solid fuel combustion and industrial activities leading to some of the worst air quality conditions. Air pollution in Ghana causes approximately 28,000 premature deaths and disabilities annually, ranking as a leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life years. This study evaluated the annual concentrations of PM NO and O in the ambient air of 57 cities in Ghana for two decades using historical and forecasted data from satellite measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Occup Environ Hyg
January 2025
Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Cooking fuels are sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent in the environment and have detrimental effects on human health. Fifteen PCBs congeners from the smoke of eight (8) commonly used cooking fuels in Nigeria were investigated in this study. Glass fiber filters were used to collect air emissions during the combustion of cooking fuels in a controlled chamber.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
The issue of hazardous smoke and toxic gases released from epoxy resins (EP), which often causes casualties in real fires, has limited its application. Therefore, we have developed a novel flame retardant based on a bimetallic-doped phytate-melamine (BPM) structure with Zn and Fe ions incorporated into the polymer matrix using a straightforward solution-based synthetic method. The combustion performance of the composite was evaluated using a cone calorimeter test, which showed that the peak heat release, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 50%, 31.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow city, Poland.
Fly ash, produced during coal combustion for energy making, which is recognized as an industrial by-product, could lead to environmental health hazards. Subsequently, fly ash found that an exceptional adsorption performance for the removal of various toxic pollutants, the adsorption capacity of fly ash might be altered by introducing physical/chemical stimulation. Successfully converting fly ash into zeolites not only recovers their disposal difficulties but also transforms unwanted materials into merchandisable products for various industrial applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address:
Indoor dust can adsorb various pollutants and long-term deposition can significantly impact air quality and human health. This study investigated the occurrence, source apportionment, and health risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (d-PAHs) in indoor dust, by focusing on residential and public buildings in Nanjing, China. The concentration of 16 PAHs and 27 d-PAHs ranged from 511 to 5472 ng/g and from 422 to 2904 ng/g, with the most abundant compounds being fluoranthene and 1,2-benz[a]anthraquinone, respectively.
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