Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, and dichloroiodomethane have been found in chlorinated drinking water. In addition to these five compounds, the other possible trihalomethanes (chlorodiiodomethane, bromochloroiodomethane, dibromoiodomethane, bromodiiodomethane, and iodoform) can also be formed by chlorination of surface water containing bromides and iodides. Mass spectra for each of these ten compounds were obtained.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435822 | DOI Listing |
ACS Catal
January 2025
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Partial oxidation of ethylene over silver catalysts produces more than 30 million metric tons of ethylene oxide (EO) annually. However, the form of active silver surfaces, reactive oxygen species, and dominant pathways of this chemical reaction remains controversial despite decades of research. Here, we use Raman spectroscopy and transient kinetic measurements to demonstrate that higher coverages of peroxide species, present only upon Ag oxide surfaces that form , correlate with greater selectivities to EO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Universität Tübingen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
The versatile optoelectronic properties of the material class of III-V semiconductors enable the highest performance in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar cells. While a high level of control and understanding with respect to different surface reconstructions of these compounds in gas-phase ambient has been reached, the situation in an electrochemical environment still poses challenges. Here, we therefore have undertaken a computational study of the InP(100) surface in the presence of hydrogen and chlorine, mimicking the contact with a hydrochloric acid-containing electrolyte, aiming at an understanding of ion adsorption and dominant surface reconstructions with respect to applied potential and electrolyte concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Laboratorio de Investigación de Aguas, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3989-4089, Huancayo, Peru.
Introduction: Contamination of drinking water by can cause serious diseases, including cancer. The determinants of the infection rate are socioeconomic status, low standard of living and overcrowding. In addition, exposure to environmental sources contaminated with feces, such as water and vegetables, is another risk factor for infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
695 Park Avenue, The Institute for Sustainable Cities, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States of America. Electronic address:
Natural organic matter (NOM) in rivers is an important energy source to sustain aquatic ecosystem health. However, in surface water supply systems where chlorination is often used for disinfection, NOM is also a precursor for the carcinogenic and mutagenic disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Effective management of NOM in rivers to maintain both aquatic ecosystem functions and high-quality water supply requires better understanding of the NOM transport patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHere we report a simple self-masking technique for fabricating bioinspired broadband antireflection coatings on both single-crystalline and multicrystalline silicon wafers with the assistance of a polyimide tape. Subwavelength-structured moth-eye nanopillars, which exhibit superior antireflection performance over a broad range of visible and near-IR wavelengths, can be patterned uniformly on the wafer surface by applying a chlorine-based reactive ion etching (RIE) process. The resulting random nanopillars show improved antireflection properties compared with ordered nanopillars templated by colloidal lithography under the same RIE conditions.
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