Transport of cystine across the cell membrane is essential for synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione. Cystine uptake in the brain occurs by both the Na(+)-independent x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate exchanger and the X(AG)(-) family of high-affinity, Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters. New evidence concerning the role of cystine transport in the defence against oxidative stress is described.
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