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Joint spatiotemporal modelling of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia using a Bayesian hierarchical approach.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Statistics, University of South Africa, c/o Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the distribution of HIV and TB in Ethiopia during four years (2015-2018) at the district level, considering both spatial and temporal patterns.
Methods: Consolidated data on the count of TB case notifications and the number of patients with HIV for four years, 2015-2018, were provided by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using the Bayesian hierarchical approach, employing joint spatiotemporal modelling.
Diagnostic accuracy of self-collected tongue swabs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in individuals being assessed for TB in South Africa using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay.
Clin Microbiol Infect
January 2025
Wits Diagnostics Innovation Hub, Health Sciences Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objectives: Tongue swabs (TS) have shown potential for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) through downstream molecular testing. Analytical performance varies, depending on the processing protocol and the molecular test used. This study aimed to first investigate ease-of-use of TS collection in addition to acceptability by individuals being assessed for TB and second to determine the performance of self-collected TS on the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for MTBC and Rifampicin (RIF) resistance detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines and AMR: An analysis of the funding landscape for human bacterial vaccines in low-and middle-income countries.
Vaccine
January 2025
International Vaccine Institute, Europe Regional Office, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Background: Vaccines are critical tools to prevent the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through prevention of infection and reduction of subsequent antibiotic use. Since AMR is a critical issue disproportionately affecting Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs), we examined investments in research and development for bacterial vaccines with a focus on LMIC-driven research.
Methods: Publicly available funding data on projects active from January 2007 to 15 January 2024 from the G-FINDER and Global AMR R&D Hub databases were analysed.
Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria identified by line probe assays in respiratory and non-respiratory samples in South Africa between 2015 and 2019.
Tuberculosis (Edinb)
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address:
In recent years, a rise in non-tuberculosis mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has been reported in several countries. However, data for high-burden tuberculosis settings, including South Africa, is currently limited. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine diagnostic data obtained from one diagnostic laboratory in South Africa between 2015 and 2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.
Curr Opin Pediatr
January 2025
Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Purpose Of Review: Life on earth, as we know it, is changing. The likelihood of more frequent pandemics and disease outbreaks is something that current global healthcare infrastructure is ill equipped to navigate. Human activity is forcing our planet into a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, which is typified by increased uncertainty resulting from human disruption of earth's life-giving ecosystems.
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