Motion blindness (MB) or akinetopsia is the selective disturbance of visual motion perception while other features of the visual scene such as colour and shape are normally perceived. Chronic and transient forms of MB are characterized by a global deficit of direction discrimination (pandirectional), which is generally assumed to result from damage to, or interference with, the motion complex MT+/V5. However, the most characteristic feature of primate MT-neurons is not their motion specificity, but their preference for one direction of motion (direction specificity). Here, we report that focal electrical stimulation in the human posterior temporal lobe selectively impaired the perception of motion in one direction while the perception of motion in other directions was completely normal (unidirectional MB). In addition, the direction of MB was found to depend on the brain area stimulated. It is argued that direction specificity for visual motion is not only represented at the single neuron level, but also in much larger cortical units.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02038.x | DOI Listing |
Adv Mater
January 2025
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their associated biofilms are major causative factors in eye infections, often resulting in blindness and presenting considerable global health challenges. Presently, mechano-bactericidal systems, which combine distinct topological geometries with mechanical forces to physically induce bacterial apoptosis, show promising potential. However, the physical interaction process between current mechano-bactericidal systems and bacteria is generally based on passive diffusion or Brownian motion and lacks the force required for biofilm penetration; thus, featuring low antibacterial efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtten Percept Psychophys
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Experimenters often ask subjects to rate displays in terms of high-level visual properties, such as animacy. When do such studies measure subjects' visual impressions, and when do they merely reflect their judgments that certain features should indicate animacy? Here we introduce the 'Blindfold Test' for helping to evaluate the evidence for whether an effect reflects perception or judgment. If the same effect can be obtained not only with visual displays but also by simply describing those displays, then subjects' responses may reflect higher-level reasoning rather than visual processing-and so other evidence is needed in order to support a 'perceptual' interpretation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Sci
December 2024
Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) using nitroxide spin labels is a well-established technology for mapping site-specific secondary and tertiary structure and for monitoring conformational changes in proteins of any degree of complexity, including membrane proteins, with high sensitivity. SDSL-EPR also provides information on protein dynamics in the timescale of ps-μs using continuous wave lineshape analysis and spin lattice relaxation time methods. However, the functionally important time domain of μs-ms, corresponding to large-scale protein motions, is inaccessible to those methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Polar angle asymmetries (PAAs), the differences in perceptual experiences and performance across different regions of the visual field are present in various paradigms and tasks of visual perception. Currently, research in this area is sparse, particularly regarding the influence of PAAs during perceptual illusions, highlighting a gap in visual cognition studies. We aim to fill this gap by measuring PAAs across the visual field during an illusion applied to test conscious vision widely.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
February 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. Electronic address:
Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease leading to irreversible visual impairment and blindness. High intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from abnormally high outflow resistance is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, however, it is unclear how IOP elevation influences the structure and function of the retina and the optic nerve via vitreous humor located between the lens and retina in the eye. To understand vitreous biomechanical and stimulus response toward IOP elevation, we developed a novel near-infrared (NIR)/MRI dual-modal nanoprobe, DTA/P-NCA/17F@Co, which is composed of N, N-dimethyl-4(thien-2-yl)-aniline group (DTA) as NIR fluorophore and the fluorine-based polyamino acid cobalt nanoparticles (P-NCA/17F@Co) as T contrast agent.
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