Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8, diseases.

Clin Microbiol Rev

Advanced Biotechnologies Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046,USA.

Published: July 2002

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus (gamma-2 herpesvirus). Unlike other human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7), it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. HHV-8 is strongly associated with all subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease, and a rare form of B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. In addition, HHV-8 DNA sequences have been found in association with other diseases, but the role of the virus in these diseases is largely unconfirmed and remains controversial. The seroprevalence of HHV-8, based on detection of latent and lytic proteins, is 2 to 5% in healthy donors except in certain geographic areas where the virus is endemic, 80 to 95% in classic KS patients, and 40 to 50% in HIV-1 patients without KS. This virus can be transmitted both sexually and through body fluids (e.g., saliva and blood). HHV-8 is a transforming virus, as evidenced by its presence in human malignancies, by the in vitro transforming properties of several of its viral genes, and by its ability to transform some primary cells in culture. It is not, however, sufficient for transformation, and other cofactors such as immunosuppressive cytokines are involved in the development of HHV-8-associated malignancies. In this article, we review the biology, molecular virology, epidemiology, transmission, detection methods, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy of this newly discovered human herpesvirus.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC118087PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.15.3.439-464.2002DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

human herpesvirus
12
kaposi's sarcoma-associated
8
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
8
herpesvirus human
8
virus
7
herpesvirus
6
human
6
hhv-8
5
spectrum kaposi's
4
herpesvirus diseases
4

Similar Publications

Clinical Management of Human Herpesvirus-8 related illnesses in solid organ transplant recipients.

J Infect

January 2025

Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Centre for Immunology and Vaccinology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK. Electronic address:

In solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), the oncogenic virus human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) also named Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) causes four clinical diseases: Kaposi Sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma, Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). This review outlines these clinical scenarios and discusses their management. Although HHV8 related disease in SOTR was first described more than three decades ago, there is a lack of data on treatment so much of the guidance is based on evidence in other immunodeficient patients, particularly people living with HIV.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common herpesvirus that can severely affect transplant recipients, those with AIDS, and newborns. Existing synthetic medications face limitations, including toxicity, processing issues, and viral resistance. As part of this study, the efficacy of the extracellular enzyme laccase isolated from a widely available mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) was compared to that of ganciclovir, a common antiviral, used against HCMV.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Anti-herpetic tau preserves neurons via the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway in Alzheimer's disease.

Cell Rep

December 2024

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Electronic address:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on the presence of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between AD pathologies and infectious agents, with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) being a leading candidate. Our investigation, using metagenomics, mass spectrometry, western blotting, and decrowding expansion pathology, detects HSV-1-associated proteins in human brain samples.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell lymphoma typically associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Epstein-Barr virus infections. It classically presents as a malignant effusion in body cavities, but rarely presents with an extracavitary variant characterized by solid tumors in lymph nodes or extranodal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, and nervous system. This case report describes an unusual presentation of primary cutaneous extracavitary PEL in an HIV-positive patient that has only been reported in 8 cases previously.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

CMV IgG in the blood is not associated with hepatitis but correlates with poor outcomes in immunotherapy treated melanoma patients.

Cancer Immunol Immunother

January 2025

Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Medical Faculty Heidelberg, NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or reactivation in immune-compromised individuals can lead to a wide range of severe complications including hepatitis. However, its relation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induced hepatitis (ICI-hepatitis) and tumor responses in advanced melanoma patients remains unclear. Hundred and ninety metastatic cutaneous melanoma patients (mCM) who received ICI treatment, with CMV IgG or IgM information available at baseline, were included in the study (Cohort 1).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!