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Introduction: The Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) 2022-2023 showed that HIV prevalence among the general population stabilises but varies geographically across the country. Despite this, disproportionate burdens of HIV continue among specific subpopulations, such as fishermen. Fishermen are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection and have a low uptake of HIV prevention and treatment services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clin Microbiol Infect
January 2025
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as backbone. WHO recommends tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine as first line in pregnancy, and zidovudine, abacavir or tenofovir alafenamide, combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine, as alternatives.
Objectives: Evaluate risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving different NRTIs.
Research progress of femoral head necrosis in HIV-infected patients.
Ann Med
December 2025
Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
As life expectancy among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases, a growing number of complications have been observed. This population displays an elevated risk of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in comparison to the general population, which may be attributed to HIV infection, antiretroviral medication use, and hormone application. Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who also have necrosis of the femoral head tend to present at an earlier age, with a rapid disease progression and a high incidence of bilateral onset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA global review of national guidelines of post-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV.
J Int AIDS Soc
January 2025
Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of antiretroviral drugs as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing HIV acquisition for occupational and non-occupational exposures. To inform the development of global WHO recommendations on PEP, we reviewed national guidelines of PEP for their recommendations.
Methods: Policies addressing PEP from 38 WHO HIV priority countries were obtained by searching governmental and non-governmental websites and consulting country and regional experts; these countries were selected based on HIV burden, new HIV acquisitions and the number of HIV-associated deaths.
Predicted environmental concentration (PEC), environmental risk assessment (ERA) and prioritization of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in seawater from Guarujá (Brazilian coastal zone).
Mar Environ Res
January 2025
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, C21, bloco C, Boqueirão, Santos, 11045-907, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:
The antiretroviral therapy program's success in managing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has inadvertently led to the release of antiretrovirals (ARVs) into worldwide aquatic ecosystems. However, few studies investigated the risks of ARV loadings that flow continuously to the marine waters of South America (such as Brazil). Against this backdrop, the aims of this study were: (i) to estimate the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) of thirteen ARVs worldwide used in HIV treatment, and which are frequently disposed of in the marine aquatic ecosystems of Guarujá, São Paulo coastline, Brazil.
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