Sertoli cell only syndrome (SECOS) was identified on histology in 21 cases (16,28%) among 129 testicular biopsies performed in our department for azoospermia over the last 5 years. In these patients history, clinical features, hormonal levels, and histological findings were analyzed. In addition DNA flow-cytometric analysis was performed and showed an almost complete absence of haploid cells. All patients presented with elevated serum FSH levels suggesting a Sertoli cell damage or reduced production of inhibin due to the absence of sermatogenic cells. An good correlation was found between histological findings and DNA histograms. In conclusion SECOS is a syndrome of unknown aetiology presenting in men with azoospermia. DNA flow-cytometric analysis is a reliable, rapid and easy method in the diagnosis of SECOS, and can replace histological examination.
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