Sodium pentobarbital (Abbott Laboratories) was widely used as an intravenous (IV) anesthetic in rabbits, but it was removed from the market in 1995. Many commercially available alternatives, including Nembutal(r) (Abbott Laboratories), Euthanasia-5(r) (Veterinary Laboratories, Inc.), and Euthanasia-6(r) (Veterinary Laboratories, Inc.), contain sodium pentobarbital. However, all of these products produced an unacceptable level of hemolysis in antisera collected from anesthetized rabbits. The experimental design of this study included evaluating each component of these pentobarbital formulations to determine the exact cause of hemolysis. The goal of this study was to find an alternative formulation of sodium pentobarbital that did not produce hemolysis in rabbit sera obtained from terminal bleeds. Specific ingredients in all formulations included sterile water, alcohol, propylene glycol (PG), and sodium pentobarbital in various combinations and concentrations. Study animals were inoculated intravenously with either sterile water, 10% ethanol, 40% ethanol, 2.5% PG, 40% PG, or isotonic saline as a control. PG at 40% concentration produced the most severe hemolysis, followed by 40% ethanol and sterile water. Levels of hemolysis caused by 10% ethanol and 2.5% PG did not differ statistically from those produced by isotonic saline. Subsequently, our laboratory adopted a pentobarbital formulation consisting of sodium pentobarbital dissolved at a concentration of 50 mg/ml in 10% ethanol and sterile water. This formulation is non-hemolytic in rabbits.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A novel technique of cryodenervation for murine vagus nerve: implications for acute lung inflammation.
Respir Res
January 2025
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Background: Neuroimmune interaction is an underestimated mechanism for lung diseases, and cryoablation is a competitive advantageous technique than other non-pharmacologic interventions for peripheral nerve innervating the lung. However, a lack of cryodenervation model in laboratory rodents leads to the obscure mechanisms for techniques used in clinic.
Method: Herein, we developed a novel practical method for mouse peripheral nerve cryoablation, named visualized and simple cryodenervation (VSCD).
Molecular and cellular targets of GABAergic anesthetics in the mesopontine tegmentum that enable pain-free surgery.
Pain
December 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
The mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) is a focal brainstem locus which, when exposed to GABAergic agents, induces brain-state transitioning from wakefulness to unconsciousness. Correspondingly, MPTA lesions render animals relatively insensitive to GABAergic anesthetics delivered systemically. Using chemogenetics, we recently identified a neuronal subpopulation within the MPTA whose excitation induces this same pro-anesthetic effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer: targeting the FGR-AKT-SP1-DKK1 axis with DCC-2036 (Rebastinib).
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
This research demonstrates that DCC-2036 (Rebastinib), a potent third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), effectively suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer (CRC) models with functional immune systems. The findings underscore the capacity of DCC-2036 to enhance both the activation and cytotoxic functionality of CD8 T cells, which are crucial for facilitating anti-tumor immune responses. Through comprehensive multi-omics investigations, significant shifts in both gene and protein expression profiles were detected, notably a marked decrease in DKK1 levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Improvement in Sleep Quality by Zizyphi Semen in Rodent Models Through GABAergic Transmission Regulation.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea.
: Sleep, a process physiologically vital for mental health, faces disruptions in various sleep disorders linked to metabolic and neurodegenerative risks. seed (Zizy) has long been recognized for its diverse pharmacological attributes, including analgesic, sedative, insomnia, and anxiety alleviation. : In this study, the sleep-prolonging effects of Zizy extract (100, 200 mg/kg), along with their characterizing compounds jujuboside A (JuA) (5, 10 mg/kg), were evaluated in a mouse model under a pentobarbital-induced sleep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Effect of Water-Soluble Alpinia Galanga Extract on Sleep and the Activation of the GABAAergic/Serotonergic Pathway in Mice.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye.
With increasing interest in plant-based compounds that can enhance sleep quality without the side effects of caffeine, Alpinia galanga (AG) has emerged as a promising herbal supplement for improving mental alertness. This study assessed the impact of water-soluble AG extract on sleep quality; the activity of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic receptors; and concentrations of dopamine and serotonin in the brains of mice. The study employed two experimental models using BALB/c mice to examine the impact of pentobarbital-induced sleep and caffeine-induced insomnia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!