2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS riot control agent) has been shown to produce a number of thermal degradation products when dispersed at high temperature. We hypothesized that these CS-derived compounds are formed by energy input from heating during the dispersion process. Here we identified organic CS-derived compounds formed from purified CS subjected to temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 degrees C in an inert atmosphere with analysis of tube furnace effluent by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We conclude that the production of many CS-derived compounds previously observed during high-temperature dispersion is likely to be heat related.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00096-1 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
February 2024
Yunnan Province Key Lab of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
PLoS One
April 2023
Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan, and CS derived from various animal species is used in drugs and food supplements to alleviate arthralgia. The CS is a high molecular weight compound, and hydrolysis of CS by intestinal microbiota is thought to be required for absorption in mammalians. Chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (Oligo-CS) are produced by hydrolysis with subcritical water from CS isolated from a species of skate, Raja pulchra for the improvement of bioavailability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Drugs
January 2020
Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CHUAC. SERGAS. C/ As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent rheumatic disease. During disease progression, differences have been described in the prevalence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers. Marine derived-CS present a higher proportion of the 6S isomer, offering therapeutic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
April 2017
High-Throughput Screening and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Costello syndrome (CS) patients suffer from a very high 10% incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). As tools to discover targeted therapeutic leads, we used a CS patient-derived ERMS cell line (CS242 ERMS) harboring a homozygous p.G12A mutation in , and a control cell line derived from the same patient comprising non-malignant CS242 fibroblasts with a heterozygous p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
November 2016
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
Acrolein is a major thiol-reactive component of cigarette smoke (CS) that is thought to contribute to increased asthma incidence associated with smoking. Here, we explored the effects of acute acrolein exposure on innate airway responses to two common airborne allergens, house dust mite and Alternaria alternata, and observed that acrolein exposure of C57BL/6 mice (5 ppm, 4 h) dramatically inhibited innate airway responses to subsequent allergen challenge, demonstrated by attenuated release of the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33, IL-25, and IL-1α. Acrolein and other anti-inflammatory thiol-reactive electrophiles, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, and sulforaphane, similarly inhibited allergen-induced production of these cytokines from human or murine airway epithelial cells in vitro.
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