Extrapolating toxicant effects with a fixed application factor (AF) approach or one of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models presumes that toxicant effects on single, individual-level endpoints reflect effects at the ecosystem level. Measured effect concentrations on plankton from multispecies field tests using tributyltin (TBT) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) were compared with published laboratory single-species test results and measured in situ concentrations. Extrapolation methods were evaluated by comparing predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), calculated by AF and SSD models with NOECs and E(L)C(50)s obtained from field studies. Overall, structural parameters were more sensitive than functional ones. Measured effect concentrations covered approximately the same range between laboratory and field experiments. Both SSD and AF approaches provide PNECs that appear to be protective for ecosystems. The AF approach is simpler to apply than the SSD models and results in PNECs that are no less conservative. Calculated PNEC values and the lowest field effect concentrations were lower than measured environmental concentrations for both substances, indicating that they may pose a risk to marine ecosystems.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2002.2172 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Substance Intoxication Receiving a Psychiatric Assessment in the Emergency Department of the Maggiore Della Carita Hospital, Novara, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
December 2024
Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Patients intoxicated with alcohol or other substances are often assessed and assisted in the context of the Emergency Department (ED) by emergency physicians, who usually require a psychiatric assessment. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of a sample of patients receiving a psychiatric consultation in the ED setting of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital in Novara, Italy, in the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023, to find out whether and how patients screening positive for alcohol/drugs differ from those screening negative. Socio-demographic and clinical history information and clinical data related to the ED psychiatric consultations were extracted from the PsNet database, a collection of data extracted from the application that serves as the electronic medical record for patients accessing the ED.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of model-averaging and single-distribution approaches to estimating species sensitivity distributions and hazardous concentrations for 5% of species.
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
Estimation of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5s) by fitting a statistical distribution to toxicity data for multiple species is essential in ecological risk assessment of chemicals. Given the challenge of selecting the appropriate statistical distribution in SSD estimation, a model-averaging approach that involves fitting multiple statistical distributions and using weighted estimates to derive HC5s is appealing. However, the effectiveness of this approach compared with SSDs based on a single statistical distribution (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBayesian Sample Size Calculation in Small n, Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (snSMART).
Pharm Stat
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
A recent study design for clinical trials with small sample sizes is the small n, sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (snSMART). An snSMART design has been previously proposed to compare the efficacy of two dose levels versus placebo. In such a trial, participants are initially randomized to receive either low dose, high dose or placebo in stage 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObsessive-compulsive symptoms and personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional study.
Schizophr Res
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) frequently co-occur in patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Patients with SSD and OCS experience increased clinical and social challenges, including diminished quality of life and subjective well-being. However, it is unknown whether co-morbid OCS are associated with personal recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Prediction of potential geographic distribution of in Yunnan Province using random forest and maximum entropy models].
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi
December 2024
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
Objective: To predict the potential geographic distribution of in Yunnan Province using random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models, so as to provide insights into surveillance and control in Yunnan Province.
Methods: The snail survey data in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2016 were collected and converted into snail distribution site data. Data of 22 environmental variables in Yunnan Province were collected, including twelve climate variables (annual potential evapotranspiration, annual mean ground surface temperature, annual precipitation, annual mean air pressure, annual mean relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, annual mean air temperature, annual mean wind speed, ≥ 0 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, aridity and index of moisture), eight geographical variables (normalized difference vegetation index, landform type, land use type, altitude, soil type, soil textureclay content, soil texture-sand content and soil texture-silt content) and two population and economic variables (gross domestic product and population).
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!