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Prevalence of Neurodiversity in a UK High Secure Psychiatric Hospital Cohort: A Records Study.
Crim Behav Ment Health
December 2024
Psychological Services, Broadmoor Hospital, Crowthorne, UK.
Background: The term neurodiversity is an umbrella term for any atypical pattern of cognitive ability, including but not confined to neurodevelopmental disorders. Research suggests that several neurodivergent conditions are overrepresented in offender populations, with a recent survey suggesting that over half of those coming into contact with the criminal justice system may have a neurodivergent condition. Considerable effort has been invested in trying to divert people with such conditions out of long-stay hospitals, but nevertheless, a few studies in secure hospitals suggest that while prevalence in hospitals may be lower than in prisons, it is high relative to the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplications and Identification of Specific Learning Disability Using Weighted Ensemble Learning Model.
Child Care Health Dev
January 2025
Department of Special Education, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Learning disabilities, categorized as neurodevelopmental disorders, profoundly impact the cognitive development of young children. These disabilities affect text comprehension, reading, writing and problem-solving abilities. Specific learning disabilities (SLDs), most notably dyslexia and dysgraphia, can significantly hinder students' academic achievement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn examination of cortical thickness relationships within the reading network of adults.
Brain Struct Funct
December 2024
Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada.
Much brain imaging work has underscored the functional connections among the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; articulation), supramarginal gyrus (SMG; letter-sound correspondence), superior temporal gyrus (STG; sound) and fusiform gyrus (FFG; print) during basic reading processes. This reading network supports and coordinates the complex processes that contribute to successful reading. In line with the Hebbian notion that 'neurons that fire together, wire together' we examined cortical thickness among these regions and the extent to which these regions showed structural relationships in average and impaired readers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValidation of a screening test based on symbols visual search to detect visuo-attentionnal reading difficulties.
Res Dev Disabil
January 2025
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Trajectoires Team, 85Bd Pinel, Bron Cedex 69676, France. Electronic address:
Objective: Visuo-attentional dyslexia has been associated with impaired simultaneous visual processing of multiple items made of separable features (i.e. symbols).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistinct impact modes of polygenic disposition to dyslexia in the adult brain.
Sci Adv
December 2024
Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Dyslexia is a common and partially heritable condition that affects reading ability. In a study of up to 35,231 adults, we explored the structural brain correlates of genetic disposition to dyslexia. Individual dyslexia-disposing genetic variants showed distinct patterns of association with brain structure.
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