TGF-beta1 is a potent regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. In this study, we selected two peptides, IM-1 and IM-2, that bind to the TGF-beta type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) using phage display. IM-1 and IM-2 bind to the TGF-beta RII, with a K(d) of 1 microM. Like TGF-beta, IM-1 induced VSMC chemotaxis and PAI-1 mRNA expression, as determined using Boyden chambers and real time quantitative PCR. In contrast, IM-2 had no effect on VSMC chemotaxis or PAI-1 induction. Induction of ECM synthesis, involving proteins such as osteopontin and alpha-smooth muscle actin, was determined by ELISA. Osteopontin expression was inhibited by both peptides, but TGF-beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression could only be inhibited by IM-1. In conclusion, IM-1 activity on VSMC is agonistic with TGF-beta, except for ECM synthesis, whereas the IM-2 peptide is antagonistic for some examined TGF-beta functions.
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