This paper highlights the epidemiological surveillance of venomous bites and stings according to four national information systems: SINAN (National Databank of Major Causes of Morbidity), SINITOX (National Information System on Poisoning), SIH-SUS (Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System), and SIM (Mortality Information System). The authors conclude that each information system has specific characteristics and addresses different demands. Although they contain large amounts of data, even if combined they fail to reflect the real magnitude of disorders caused by venomous bites and stings in the country.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2002000300022 | DOI Listing |
Med J Armed Forces India
January 2024
Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
Snake bite is a major cause of mortality in the Indian subcontinent. The condition is fraught with the problem of under reporting. Most bites in India are caused by the "Big 4 species," based on this, the anti-snake venom (ASV) is also sourced from these species only.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
January 2025
Department of Nephrology, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, 28047 Madrid, Spain.
: The bite of the Loxosceles spider is a public health problem around the world, mainly in Latin America. The viscerocutaneous presentation is related to the inoculation of toxins (phospholipase-D) that generates a systemic inflammatory reaction with a subsequent increase in cytokines and chemokines. Hemoadsorption is proposed as a therapy that allows for the removal of the toxin and modulation of the inflammatory response in this disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
January 2025
Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil.
Snakebites caused by snakes are the most prevalent in the Amazon region, causing local and systemic complications. Local complications are mostly represented by necrosis, secondary bacterial infection and compartment syndrome. There are reports of long-term disabilities, but their burden is poorly investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402202, Taiwan.
Snakebite envenomings continue to represent a major public health concern in Taiwan because of the presence of various venomous snakes whose habitats intersect with human activities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics, complications, and management strategies associated with snakebite envenomings in Taiwan. Taiwan is inhabited by six principal venomous snakes: , , , , , and , each presenting distinct clinical challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
An understanding of snake venom pharmacokinetics is essential for determining clinical outcomes of envenoming and developing therapeutic approaches to the treatment of envenoming, especially regarding the timing and optimal dosage of antivenom administration. (Eastern Russell's viper) envenoming causes systemic coagulopathy and severe hemorrhage including acute kidney injury. These toxic outcomes can be diminished by the administration of high quantities of Russell's viper antivenom.
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