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Heart-derived factors and organ cross-talk in settings of health and disease: new knowledge and clinical opportunities for multimorbidity.
J Physiol
January 2025
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Cardiovascular disease affects millions of people worldwide and often presents with other conditions including metabolic, renal and neurological disorders. A variety of secreted factors from multiple organs/tissues (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) have been implicated in facilitating organ cross-talk that may contribute to the development of multimorbidity. Secreted proteins have received the most attention, with the greatest body of research related to factors released from adipose tissue (adipokines), followed by skeletal muscle (myokines).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpanding the Enzymatic Toolbox for Carboligation: Increasing the Diversity of the 'Split' Transketolase Sequence Space.
Chembiochem
January 2025
University College London, Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon St, WC1E 6BT, London, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND.
Transketolases (TKs) are thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes that catalyze the transfer of two-carbon units in a stereoselective manner, making them valuable biocatalysts for sustainable processes. Most known TKs are about 650 amino acids long; however, a second type found in Archaea and many Bacteria consists of two proteins, each of about 300 amino acids. Exploring the unique features and differences of split TKs may help in assessing their potential use in biocatalysis and for uncovering new reactivities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomating the optimization of proton PBS treatment planning for head and neck cancers using policy gradient-based deep reinforcement learning.
Med Phys
January 2025
Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Background: Proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment planning for head and neck (H&N) cancers is a time-consuming and experience-demanding task where a large number of potentially conflicting planning objectives are involved. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently been introduced to the planning processes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy for prostate, lung, and cervical cancers. However, existing DRL planning models are built upon the Q-learning framework and rely on weighted linear combinations of clinical metrics for reward calculation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroplastics in freshwater ecosystems: probabilistic environmental risk assessment and current knowledge in occurrence and ecotoxicological studies.
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
Department of Environmental Engineering, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia-Câmpus de Sorocaba-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP).
Ecotoxicological studies involving microplastics (MPs) conducted on a laboratory scale may not always accurately mirror real environmental conditions (types, sizes, shapes, and concentrations of MPs). This review primarily focused on examining studies that investigated the prevalence of MPs in freshwater environments and accumulation in organisms worldwide, considering important factors such as morphology, particle size, and the specific polymer types involved. This review also encompassed ecotoxicological studies related to MPs, and ecological risk analyses were carried out based on the obtained ecotoxicological data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnantioselective ecotoxicity of promethazine in two freshwater organisms: daphnia (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Chiral pharmaceuticals, racemic or enantiomerically pure forms and their metabolites, can reach aquatic ecosystems via wastewater effluents (inefficient treatment operations) or by direct human disposal. They may negatively affect nontarget organisms even at low environmental concentrations. To make an accurate risk evaluation, the (eco)toxicity of both enantiomers needs to be assessed.
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