Common features in the onset of ARDS after administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Study Objective: Respiratory disturbance caused by ARDS has been reported during administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. The clinical features of such respiratory distress were investigated in this study.

Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: A 1,100-bed university teaching hospital.

Patients: Five patients who had dyspnea caused by ARDS develop after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at our hospital.

Interventions: None.

Measurements And Results: Levels of cytokines, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, and the clinical course were analyzed to clarify common features. All five patients possessed HLA-B51 or HLA-B52, and all had fever and an enhanced inflammatory response at the time of the WBC nadir. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 levels increased when respiratory distress syndrome occurred.

Conclusions: If patients with HLA-B51 or HLA-B52 have infection develop at the time of WBC nadir after chemotherapy or BMT, ARDS may occur in association with elevation of TNF-alpha and IL-8 during WBC recovery.