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Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is poorly understood, with causes identified in only 25% of cases. Emerging evidence suggests links between trace elements (TEs) and POI. This study is the first to compare concentrations of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) across urine, serum, and whole blood in women with POI compared to healthy controls (HC), aiming to explore their distribution and potential associations with POI.

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Study Question: Is elevated plasma molybdenum level associated with increased risk for idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)?

Summary Answer: Elevated plasma molybdenum level is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic POI through vascular endothelial injury and inhibition of granulosa cell proliferation.

What Is Known Already: Excessive molybdenum exposure has been associated with ovarian oxidative stress in animals but its role in the development of POI remains unknown.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Case-control study of 30 women with idiopathic POI and 31 controls enrolled from August 2018 to May 2019.

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Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality worldwide, as stated by the World Health Organization. We utilized the red fluorescence emitted by copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) to detect cardiac Troponin T (cTnT). We designed a fluorescent probe to detect cTnT using an on-off-on technique.

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Background: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the highly conserved biosynthetic pathway of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), resulting in sulfite intoxication. MoCD may present in a clinically severe, fatal form marked by intractable seizures after birth, hyperekplexia, microcephaly and cerebral atrophy, or a later onset form with a more varied clinical course. Three types of MoCD have been described based on the effected gene along the MoCo synthesis pathway: type A (MOCS1); type B (MOCS2 or MOCS3) and type C (GPHN).

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This study presents a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of pepsinogen I, a potential biomarker for gastric cancer, based on a unique PdAgPt/MoSnanocomposite. The key innovation lies in the synergistic combination of trimetallic PdAgPt nanoparticles with MoSnanoflowers, which has not been previously reported for pepsinogen I detection. This hybrid material demonstrates exceptional electron transfer properties and a significantly larger electroactive surface area compared to conventional materials.

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