Objectives: To compare thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in neonatal cord blood between study sites in Bangladesh, Guatemala and the United States. Also, to compare neonatal TSH results with indicators of iodine deficiency in school children.
Design: Consecutive births and, in school children, cross-sectional surveys.
Setting: Savar, Bangladesh; San Pedro Sacatepequez, Guatemala; and Atlanta, United States.
Subjects: In each study site, cord blood was spotted on to filter paper and TSH levels determined using a sensitive monoclonal assay. In the USA, heel stick blood specimens from newborns spotted on to filter paper were also obtained as well as exposure to iodine-containing antiseptics during the birthing process. Urine specimens were collected from mothers of newborns and tested for iodine concentration. School children in the same areas were surveyed for thyroid size by palpation and ultrasonography, and urine specimens collected for iodine concentration.
Results: Between 141 and 243 cord blood specimens were collected from each study site. The prevalence of elevated cord blood TSH levels (> 5 mUl(-1)) was high in all study sites, from 58% to 84%. All sites would be categorised as having 'severe' iodine deficiency based on WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD criteria. Iodine-containing antiseptics were used during 98% of the births in the USA but not in Bangladesh or Guatemala. The neonatal TSH classification indicated more severe iodine deficiency levels than classifications based on urinary iodine and goitre in school children.
Conclusions: In the USA, elevated TSH levels may be partially attributed to use of beta-iodine-containing antiseptics prior to birth. We recommend the cautious interpretation of TSH results in newborns for the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders when iodine-containing antiseptics are used during the birthing process.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PHN2001306 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
The iodination of electron-deficient arenes and heteroarenes is a long-standing problem in organic synthesis. Herein we describe the electrochemical iodination in nitromethane with BuNI as iodine source and supporting electrolyte under Lewis acid-free conditions in the presence of small amounts of chloride anions. The electrochemically generated reagent could be applied for the iodination of halogenated arenes, aromatic aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, as well as nitroarenes to afford the products in good to excellent yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe selective amination of aromatic C-H bonds is a powerful strategy to access aryl amines, functionalities found in many pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Despite advances in the field, a platform for the direct, selective C-H amination of electronically diverse (hetero)arenes, particularly electron-deficient (hetero)arenes, remains an unaddressed fundamental challenge. In addition, many (hetero)arenes present difficulty in common selective pre-functionalization reactions, such as halogenation, or metal-catalyzed borylation and silylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
Iodine is a key micronutrient essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, which regulates metabolic processes and maintains overall health. Despite its importance, iodine deficiency is a global health issue, leading to disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, and developmental abnormalities. Biofortification of crops with iodine is a promising strategy to enhance the dietary iodine intake, providing an alternative to iodized salt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Endocrinol (Buchar)
January 2025
Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adıyaman, Turkey.
Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability, and can be diagnosed in the early period through neonatal screening programs.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CH and recall rates in the province of Adıyaman.
Design: This retrospective study evaluated the data of newborn screening program in Adıyaman province between January 2015 and December 2020.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
January 2025
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Objectives: The relationship between iodine status and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in pregnant women before GDM diagnosis and to assess the associations between maternal UIC trajectories and the risk of developing GDM.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in China.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!