Antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy with diuretics renders blood pressure (BP) values under control in a large percentage of patients suffering from essential hypertension, and it reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diuretics are effective in adult and elderly hypertensive subjects, independently of their race. Treatments with classic (high) doses of antihypertensive diuretics, such as 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide once daily, raise the activity of the RAA system, decrease plasma potassium and magnesium concentrations, and cause untoward changes in carbohydrate metabolism and in the plasma lipid profile. These changes appear to limit the positive response of cardiovascular prognosis to antihypertensive therapy with classic doses of diuretics. Lower doses of diuretics reduce high BP to the sought extent in many patients, and they do not elicit or cause only mild unfavourable neuroendocrine and metabolic changes. When a low dose of an antihypertensive diuretic substance is used as monopharmacotherapy, it may take 12-14 weeks after the initiation of treatment for BP to attain final stable values. The following low-dose oral formulations of diuretics constitute effective once-daily monopharmacotherapies for mild-to-moderate uncomplicated essential hypertension: bendrofluazide 1.25 mg, chlorthalidone 12.5 and 15 mg, cicletanine 50 mg, cyclopenthiazide 0.125 mg, HCTZ 12.5 mg, and torasemide 2.5 and 5 mg. These formulations are safer than classically used high-dose formulations such as hydrochlorothiazide 25 and 50 mg.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001349 | DOI Listing |
Physiol Behav
January 2025
Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica, Clinica e Salute, Sapienza Università di Roma.
Until now, it has been challenging to examine what are the causes of the cognitive decline associated with hypertension and to understand the predictive variables that indicate the development of cognitive impairment in people with hypertension. This work is aimed to understand the interplay between heart rate variability and blood pressure and whether their combination can predict cognitive performance. This cross-sectional observational study involved patients with fifty-two adults with essential hypertension and a control group of 41 healthy adults without hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisabil Rehabil
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Clinic Institute of Medical and Surgical Specialties (ICEMEQ), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Curr Obes Rep
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Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Purpose Of Review: Protein intake is recognized as a key nutritional factor crucial for optimizing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) outcomes by preventing protein malnutrition, preserving fat-free mass, and inducing satiety. This paper discusses the current evidence regarding protein intake and its impact on clinical outcomes following MBS.
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Funct Integr Genomics
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Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People`s Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
Evidence suggests that sodium nitrite may be effective in the treatment of hypertension and pulmonary hypertension. However, its use remains debated due to safety concerns. In response, a scoping review was conducted to map current knowledge on the efficacy and safety of sodium nitrite in patients with hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, addressing the question: What evidence supports the effectiveness and safety of using sodium nitrite in these patients? The databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched for clinical studies on hypertensive patients at any disease stage without restrictions on age, sex, ethnicity, publication date, or status.
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