Successful treatment of behavioural problems in dementia using a cholinesterase inhibitor: the ethical questions.

Objective: To review the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on the behavioural and neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and discuss the current clinical guidelines for the prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors in Australia.

Method: This paper reports the case of a patient with clinical diagnosis of dementia with lewy bodies (DLB) who was referred to an old age psychiatry service for the treatment of severe visual hallucinations and behavioural problems.

Results: Pharmacological treatment with olanzapine produced marked parkinsonism, agitation and confusion. A cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, was introduced. The introduction of donepezil was associated with cognitive improvement (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] increased from 23 to 27) and complete remission of behavioural symptoms.

Conclusion: That cholinesterase inhibitors may have a role in the management of behavioural symptoms of dementia and the current Australian PBS guidelines for prescribing cholinesterase inhibitors are clinically restrictive. This has clinical and ethical implications that need to be addressed by consumers, the medical community and regulating authorities.