AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how hypoxia affects human seminoma cell lines, focusing on growth, morphology, and gene/protein expression.
- Long-term hypoxic conditions led to inhibited growth and changes in cell shape, with increased expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A; however, HIF-1alpha levels remained unchanged.
- Hypoxia caused a G1 cell cycle arrest with increased levels of certain regulatory genes, but there was no significant rise in apoptosis or major changes in adhesion molecules.
Article Abstract
Since hypoxia has been considered to enhance metastatic potential in solid tumors via a neo-angiogenesis caused by vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGFs) induced by hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), the effects of hypoxia on human seminoma cell lines were examined in terms of growth, morphology, gene expression, protein expression and cell cycle perturbation. Growth was inhibited in long-term cultures with morphological changes to the spindle form. The gene expression of VEGF-C was markedly enhanced and the production of VEGF-A increased during hypoxia, although HIF-1alpha was not upregulated at the protein or message level. Hypoxic culture caused G1 cell cycle arrest with upregulation of the p15/ink4b and p27/Kip1 genes, whereas no increase of apoptotic cells was observed on up-regulation of the heat shock protein (HSP) 70 gene. The adhesion molecules were only slightly altered.
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