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Prenatal Hypoxia Predisposes to Impaired Expression of the and Genes in Adult Rats without Affecting Acetylcholine Metabolism during Embryonic Development.
Biochemistry (Mosc)
November 2024
Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Previous studies have shown that the combined effect of fetal hypoxia and maternal stress hormones predetermines tendency to nicotine addiction in adulthood. This study in rats aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal severe hypoxia (PSH) on acetylcholine metabolism in the developing brain, as well as on expression of acetylcholine receptors and in both the developing brain and adult brain structures following nicotine consumption. In the developing brain of PSH rats, no changes were found in the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or disturbances in the acetylcholine levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epilepsy in rats.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, 55139, Türkiye.
This study aimed to investigate the role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor rivastigmine (RIVA) in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- induced kindling model of epilepsy. The current study consists of three steps; 1) Saline or RIVA (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Evolution and Mechanisms of Multiple-Insecticide Resistance in Rice Stem Borer, Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).
J Agric Food Chem
November 2024
College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
Article Synopsis
- The rice stem borer is developing resistance to key insecticides, posing a challenge for its control and management in agriculture.
- Research on 126 populations from China showed moderate to high resistance to four main insecticides, revealing genetic mutations linked to this resistance.
- Understanding these resistance mechanisms, including both target-site mutations and nontarget mechanisms like enzyme overexpression, can aid in developing effective and sustainable pest management strategies.
Memantine attenuates the development of osteoarthritis by blocking NMDA receptor mediated calcium overload and chondrocyte senescence.
J Orthop Translat
September 2024
Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Background: Memantine, which is an FDA-proven drug for the treatment of dementia, exerts its function by blocking the function of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, a calcium-permeable ion channel that reduces cytotoxic calcium overload. Chondrocyte senescence is a crucial cellular event that contributes to articular cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis (OA) development. To date, the effects of memantine and its downstream NMDA receptor on chondrocyte senescence and OA have been rarely reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFML218 modulates calcium binding protein, oxidative stress, and inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice.
Eur J Pharmacol
November 2024
Amity Natural and Herbal Product Research, Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India.
Cerebral ischemia disrupts calcium homeostasis in the brain causing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis. During ischemic conditions, T-type calcium channel channels contribute to increase in intracellular calcium ions in both neurons and glial cells therefore, the current study hypothesizes the antagonism of these channels using ML218, a novel specific T-Type inhibitor in experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) brain injury. CI/R injury was induced in Swiss Albino mice by occlusion of common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion.
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