Context: Botulinum A exotoxin is used for various indications, including the treatment of dynamic forehead lines.
Objective: To determine whether injection with botulinum A exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing normal saline (isotonic sodium chloride) is less painful than injection with exotoxin that has been reconstituted with preservative-free saline.
Design: Two arms: (1) retrospective study; (2) double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Setting: A multiple-physician dermatology practice.
Patients: (1) Retrospective study-20 consecutive adult patients presenting for treatment of upper-face dynamic lines; (2) prospective study-15 consecutive adult patients presenting for treatment of upper-face dynamic lines.
Intervention: In prospective study only, one side (left or right) of the face was treated with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing saline, and the other side, with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-free saline.
Main Outcome Measures: (1) Retrospective study-discomfort at current treatment (with preservative-containing saline) compared with discomfort with most recent prior treatment (with preservative-free saline); (2) prospective study-discomfort on the side treated with preservative-containing saline compared with discomfort on the side treated with preservative-free saline.
Results: (1) Retrospective study-18 (90%) of 20 patients reported that treatment with exotoxin reconstituted with preserved saline was less painful than prior treatment with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-free saline; (2) prospective study-15 (100%) of 15 patients reported less pain in the side of their face treated with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing saline (P<.001). Pain on the preservative-containing side was 54% less. No difference in treatment efficacy between the sides was observed by investigators or patients.
Conclusion: Use of preservative-containing saline to reconstitute botulinum A exotoxin can significantly decrease patient discomfort on injection.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.138.4.510 | DOI Listing |
Commun Biol
September 2022
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin (Tcnα) is a potent exotoxin that induces severe symptoms including gas gangrene, myositis, necrotic hepatitis, and sepsis. Tcnα binds to sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) for cell-surface attachment and utilizes low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) for rapid entry. However, it was also shown that Tcnα may use alternative entry receptors other than LDLR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
July 2022
Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID 83702, USA.
Necrotizing soft tissue infections caused by (group A streptococcus [GAS]) are characterized by rapid and extensive necrosis of fascia and muscle. Molecular epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between GAS isolates that cause invasive infections and the production of NAD+-glycohydrolase (SPN), an NADase secreted by GAS, but the effect of SPN on muscle cells has not been described. Thus, using standard βNAD+ and ATP quantification assays, we investigated the effects of SPN on cultured human skeletal muscle cell (SkMC) βNAD+ and ATP with and without streptolysin O (SLO)-a secreted cholesterol-dependent cytolysin known to act synergistically with SPN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy
April 2022
Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
The exotoxin, mycolactone, is responsible for the immunosuppression and tissue necrosis that characterizes Buruli ulcer. Mycolactone inhibits SEC61-dependent co-translational translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and the resultant cytosolic translation triggers degradation of mislocalized proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Inhibition of SEC61 by mycolactone also activates multiple EIF2S1/eIF2α kinases in the integrated stress response (ISR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Dis
May 2017
Department Pediatrics.
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful human pathogen that has evolved in response to human immune pressure. The common USA300 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains express a number of toxins, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin and LukAB, that have specificity for human receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Clin Microbiol Antimicrob
November 2014
FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Edo de México, México.
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe catheter-related infections in haemodialysis patients ranging from local-site infections and septic thrombophlebitis to bacteraemia but the associated virulence factors and exotoxins remain unclear.
Findings: We employed an in vitro infection model using reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) to analyse the expression profiles of 4 virulence genes and 12 exotoxin-coding virulence genes in 21 MRSA strains isolated from catheter-related infections in 21 Mexican patients undergoing haemodialysis. All 21 strains (100%) expressed the seg, seh, sei, eta, etb, or hla genes coding staphylococcal toxins.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!