The purpose of this study was to evaluate severe complications that developed after high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy for oesophageal carcinoma. Six consecutive patients with oesophageal carcinoma were treated by external beam irradiation (60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks) followed by hypofractionated intracavitary HDR brachytherapy (10 Gy in 2 fractions). Two of the six patients were alive and well for more than 2-3 years following therapy, but three of the six patients developed treatment-related oesophageal fistulae and died. HDR intracavitary brachytherapy following external beam irradiation is an effective method for radical treatment of oesophageal carcinoma. However, hypofractionated HDR brachytherapy should be used with care.
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