Duration of antibiotic therapy for cholangitis after successful endoscopic drainage of the biliary tract.

Background: Drainage of the obstructed biliary tree is the mainstay of therapy for patients with acute cholangitis; antibiotic therapy is complementary. It is unknown whether it is necessary to continue therapy with antibiotics once biliary drainage is achieved and signs of systemic inflammation have subsided.

Methods: Patients who presented with acute cholangitis and were successfully treated at ERCP were studied retrospectively. Patients were followed for 6 months after ERCP.

Results: Eighty patients fulfilled study criteria. In 46% of patients blood cultures grew microorganisms. All patients recovered from the episode under study. Antibiotic therapy after ERCP was given for a median duration of 3 days (range: 0-42). Forty-one patients received antibiotic therapy for 3 days or less, 19 for 4 or 5 days, and 20 patients longer than 5 days. The 3 groups were well-matched. In none of the patients did the index episode of cholangitis result in a secondary complication not present at the time of ERCP. The percentage of patients with recurrent cholangitis (24%) was not statistically different for the 3 groups (p = 0.80).

Conclusions: Short-duration antibiotic therapy (3 days) appears sufficient when adequate drainage is achieved and fever is abating.