A Confucian-Socratic framework is used to analyze culture's influence on academic learning. Socrates, a Western exemplar, valued private and public questioning of widely accepted knowledge and expected students to evaluate others' beliefs and to generate and express their own hypotheses. Confucius, an Eastern exemplar, valued effortful, respectful, and pragmatic acquisition of essential knowledge as well as behavioral reform. Expressions of these approaches in modern postsecondary contexts are discussed, as are the effects these approaches may have for students who either fit or do not fit the cultural ideal.
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Rigid propagation of visual motion in the insect's neural system.
Neural Netw
January 2025
Machine Life and Intelligence Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address:
In the pursuit of developing an efficient artificial visual system for visual motion detection, researchers find inspiration from the visual motion-sensitive neural pathways in the insect's neural system. Although multiple proposed neural computational models exhibit significant performance aligned with those observed from insects, the mathematical basis for how these models characterize the sensitivity of visual neurons to corresponding motion patterns remains to be elucidated. To fill this research gap, this study originally proposed that the rigid propagation of visual motion is an essential mathematical property of the models for the insect's visual neural system, meaning that the dynamics of the model output remain consistent with the visual motion dynamics reflected in the input.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparing code-free and bespoke deep learning approaches in ophthalmology.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
September 2024
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
Aim: Code-free deep learning (CFDL) allows clinicians without coding expertise to build high-quality artificial intelligence (AI) models without writing code. In this review, we comprehensively review the advantages that CFDL offers over bespoke expert-designed deep learning (DL). As exemplars, we use the following tasks: (1) diabetic retinopathy screening, (2) retinal multi-disease classification, (3) surgical video classification, (4) oculomics and (5) resource management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-variability training does not enhance generalization in the prototype-distortion paradigm.
Mem Cognit
July 2024
Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
Classic studies of human categorization learning provided evidence that high-variability training in the prototype-distortion paradigm enhances subsequent generalization to novel test patterns from the learned categories. More recent work suggests, however, that when the number of training trials is equated across low-variability and high-variability training conditions, it is low-variability training that yields better generalization performance. Whereas the recent studies used cartoon-animal stimuli varying along binary-valued dimensions, in the present work we return to the use of prototype-distorted dot-pattern stimuli that had been used in the original classic studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of exemplars-based feedforward to improve the performance of medical students in constructed response assessment.
Med J Armed Forces India
December 2023
Associate Professor (General Medicine), Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Background: Exemplars are the graded responses to theory questions from previous examinations and are considered as means to guide students about what is valued by assessors; hence giving feed forward to students before the exam and developing self-regulated learning among students. The present study was undertaken to compare the effect on performance of students between intervention (didactic lecture and exemplar) and control group (didactic lecture).
Methods: This study was an interventional study conducted among 256 students of a medical college in Rajasthan, India.
Paragons of character-Character strengths and well-being of moral, creative, and religious exemplars.
J Pers
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Objective: Which traits best describe individuals who are recognized as exemplary in different domains? And can self-rated positively valued personality traits distinguish such individuals from the general population?
Background: The study of exemplary individuals' personality traits traditionally focused on general and broad traits. Using character strengths, which are narrower and designed to describe desirable behavior, could provide new insights.
Method: In this study, we examined 204 outstanding individuals-exemplars who received or were nominated for a public award recognizing their exemplary behavior (e.
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